Estimation of ethanol-water concentration
This experiment is planned for completeness of distillation experiments in the Distillation Column by Armfield manufacturer.
In order to understand your activities in this experiment you are advised to read the post: Using a table top refractometer for the estimation of ethanol concentration in mixtures.
Objective
Estimate the concentration (v/v) of ethanol in a mixture by means of its refractive index.
Materials
In this experiment the following material and instruments are required,
- 5 small beakers. You will use these to store small samples of ethanol-water mixtures,
- 1 pipete,
- a table top refractometer,
- soft tissues, to clean the refractometer lenses,
- 4 samples of ethanol-water mixtures with different unknown concentrations,
- spreadsheet to log results.
Procedure
Perform this experiment per team. Every team should measure the refractive index of all mixture samples and of water to be used as control. All team members should repeat all steps.
Steps to follow
- make sure the lens to place the sample is clean and dry,
- place the sample (3-4 droplets) in the compartiment of the refractometer and lock it to form the film,
- measure the refractive index in the visual field of the refractometer: place the sample image at the upper half of the circle, achromatize and read in the scaling,
- register the data,
- repeat for another sample until the 4 samples have been measured,
- finally repeat for a sample made of clean water.
| Student #1 | Student #2 | Student #3 | Student #4 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Refractive index (nD) | Ethanol concentration (% v/v) | Refractive index (nD) | Ethanol concentration (% v/v) | Refractive index (nD) | Ethanol concentration (% v/v) | Refractive index (nD) | Ethanol concentration (% v/v) | |
| Sample #1 | ||||||||
| Sample #2 | ||||||||
| Sample #3 | ||||||||
| Sample #4 | ||||||||
| Water | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
From the results in table above give an average result in the table below,
| Average results | ||
|---|---|---|
| Refractive index (nD) | Ethanol concentration (% v/v) | |
| Sample #1 | ||
| Sample #2 | ||
| Sample #3 | ||
| Sample #4 | ||
| Water | 0 | |
This is the end of the post. I hope you find it useful.
Other stuff of interest
- LE01 - AC and DC voltage measurement and continuity test
- LE 02 - Start and stop push button installation 24V DC
- LE 03 - Turn on/off an 24V DC pilot light with a push button
- LE 04 - Latch contact with encapsulated relay for turning on/off an AC bulb light
- LE 05 - Emergency stop button installation
- About PID controllers
- Ways to control a process
- About pilot lights
- Solving the Colebrook equation
- Example #01: single stage chemical evaporator
- Example #02: single stage process plant evaporator
- Example #03: single stage chemical evaporator
- Example #04: triple effect chemical evaporator
- Gas absorption - General comments
- Equilibrium diagrams from gas component solubility data
- Distillation - General comments
- LE- Distillation column comments
- Using a table top refractometer for the estimation of ethanol concentration in mixtures
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Ildebrando.
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